Polymer enclosed door

ABSTRACT

A structure for limiting access, such as a storm door, having first and second polymer shells with at least one thereof having side shell portions extending at an angle from a major shell portion with these side shell portions adjoining the other shell, there being a first distribution of magnetic particles positioned between a polymer backing and both the first and second shells. The backing can be fused to the shells to provide a single unit outer structure with the magnetic particle distribution being substantially in the fused portion. These magnetic particles extend in the fused portion around substantially the entirety of a major shell portion. The space between the two shells in that situation can have elongated members enclosed therein which are not fastened to one another by anything extending into such members, and the remainder of this space may be filled with an expanded polymer foam. Another distribution of a different kind of magnetic particles may be positioned at a surface of a major portion of one of the shells.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to structures, such as doors, forcontrolling passageways, through openings in structural walls where suchcontrol structures are formed with outer coverings of a polymericmaterial and, more particularly, to such structures which must withstandextremes of temperature and other environmental factors.

Building structures are erected to separate the contents and inhabitantsthereof from the external environment. Access control means in openingsprovided in such building structures, including windows and doors,control the passage of air, water, people and numerous other entitiesinto and out of such a structure.

Such doors and windows must have a close fit within the frames providedtherefor in these structural building openings if they are tosuccessfully control passage of substantially all air and watertherethrough. Doors must also be sufficiently strong to withstandsubstantial bumping as various kinds of objects are moved near andthrough the passageway in which the door is provided, to withstandslamming by users of the door, etc. Both doors and windows mustwithstand buffeting by storms, and also must remain operable over whatare often extensive temperature ranges. In addition, they must withstandthe deteriorating effects of great variations in weather over longperiods of time while, in many instances, also retaining acceptableappearance characteristics.

As a result, a number of different kinds of materials have been used forexterior doors and windows, such as storm doors, in efforts to providesatisfactory designs for these needs. Thus, storm doors have beenconstructed of assembled wooden parts, aluminum parts, or vinyl parts,and often of combinations of these materials. In addition, various otherpolymer-based materials have been used.

The door and window structures resulting from the use of these materialshave had various shortcomings most often caused by the undesirablestructural and thermal characteristics of the materials being used or bythe construction methods employed in using these materials. Some of thematerials so used have had, for instance, an unacceptably largecoefficient of thermal expansion. Such coefficients prevent the productsformed from them from having close fits in structural opening frameswith small tolerances over various temperature and weather conditions,and further, lead to door warpage particularly in the presence oftemperature gradients. A storm door can not only experience in use attimes temperatures of 40° to 50° F. below zero, but can at other timesbe subjected to temperatures which will be 140° F. on an exteriorsurface in direct sunlight and 200° F. on an interior surface due to a"greenhouse effect" occurring between the storm door and the entry doorin a building.

With such temperature ranges, excessive coefficients of thermalexpansion mean the doors cannot be closely fitted in the frames or therewill be insufficient room for thermal expansion and contraction. Tooclose a fit will lead to the door sticking, warping or otherwisebending. Yet, large tolerances in the fit between the door and the framemean that undesired passage of air from one side of the door to theother is unavoidable. Even with large tolerances in the fit, temperaturedifferences can occur in the door which will still lead to its sticking,warping or otherwise bending.

Various construction techniques have been applied in forming doors andwindows in attempts to overcome the shortcomings therein due to thematerials used. Such techniques often involve additional fasteners orstiffening means which must be incorporated and usually lead toincreased costs.

In these circumstances, access control means such as doors are desiredwhich will be capable of being installed with a close fit betweenthemselves and the frames about the structural wall openings for whichthey are provided, and which can be maintained in all weather conditionsincluding extreme temperature ranges. The outer surfaces thereof shouldbe able to be embossed to have an appearance which is compatible withother materials being used in the building structure for the siding,facia, soffits, etc. Yet these surfaces should be resistant todeterioration or physical damage, and to moisture, while retainingprotective and decorative coatings provided thereon to thereby minimizerequired maintenance efforts. Parts of some access control means at ornear such surfaces should be magnetizable to permit use thereof withmagnetic weather stripping. Further, the structures used for such itemsshould not require use of unduly expensive fabrication methods andmaterials.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides a structure for an access limiting means,such as a storm door, having first and second polymer shell means withat least one thereof having side shell portions extending at an anglefrom a major shell portion with these side shell portions adjoining theother shell means, there being a first distribution of magneticparticles positioned between polymer backing means and both the firstand second shell means. The backing means can be fused to the shellmeans to provide a single unit outer structure with the magneticparticle distribution being substantially in the fused portion. Thesemagnetic particles extend in the fused portion around substantially theentirety of a major shell portion. The space between the two shell meansin that situation can have elongated members enclosed therein which arenot fastened to one another by anything extending into such members, andthe remainder of this space may be filled with an expanded polymer foam.Another distribution of a different kind of magnetic particles may bepositioned at a surface of a major portion of one of the shell means,these distributions of differing kinds of magnetic particles leading toone being more capable of absorbing electromagnetic radiation ofselected type than the other.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows a pictorial view of a door embodying the present invention,

FIG. 2 shows a cross section view of apparatus used in forming portionsof door of FIG. 1,

FIG. 3 shows a fragmentary view of a portion of the view in FIG. 2,

FIG. 4 shows a cross section view of a portion of the view in FIG. 1before all fabrication steps have been completed for the structure shownthere,

FIGS. 5A, 5B and 5C show cross section views of a portion of the view inFIGS. 1 and 4 before all fabrication steps have been completed for thestructure shown there, and

FIG. 6 shows a cross section view of a portion of the view in FIG. 1.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

A storm door, 10, as an access limiting means for a building structureopening is shown in the pictorial view of FIG. 1. Door 10 has a polymerbased pair of shell halves, 11 and 12, fused together to form the outercovering of the door except where openings are provided for doorhardware and a window. Exterior polymer material shell half 11 has amajor shell portion, 13, and interior polymer material shell half 12 hasa major shell portion, 14. Shell half 11 has side shell portions, 15,and shell half 12 has side shell portions 16.

Polymer material shell halves 11 and 12 are formed of a polymercomposite material which is a so-called "engineered material" having apolymer matrix hosting a selected fiber therein to primarily carry loadsimposed on the material. Careful engineering and fabrication allowproviding a polymer composite which is isotropic in its behaviorcharacteristics under load, and which also behaves isotropically withrespect to other characteristics.

Such carefully engineered material being selected for door 10 providesthat door with considerably improved properties with respect to earlierpolymer material covered doors. The polymer composite chosen for shellportions 11 and 12 of door 10 has, as a matrix material, athermoplastic, polypropylene, which is filled substantially throughout,essentially to each exposed surface thereof, with fibers of fiberglass.These fibers are relatively long to the point of being termed"continuous strand" and are oriented randomly in the plastic matrix. Thespecific material selected for shell portions 11 and 12 is designatedAZDEL® P-100 (30% fill) and is available from AZDEL, Inc., of Detroit,Mich. This polymer composite has been chosen because of its suitableproperties for use in an access limiting means such as storm door 10.

In particular, this polymer composite has a thermal coefficient ofexpansion which is sufficiently similar to that of both wood andaluminum to be usable therewith. Such coefficients of thermal expansionare well known to be sufficiently small to avoid having such a doorstick or warp even though a sufficiently close fit is provided thereforin a frame in a building structural opening to eliminate unwantedpassage of air or water past such a door. In addition, such coefficientsare sufficiently small to avoid warping from differential heating of thedoor between its inner side and its outer side.

This polymer composite also has a high impact strength to withstandmechanical abuse as well as high tensile strength to withstand loads andto give the material sufficiently low creep so that it will hold screwsdriven therein. A high flexural modulus for the material over asignificant temperature range keeps the door relatively stiff, and evenwhen bent by winds forcing the door against its safety chain or becauseof slamming, the shells will return to their original shape upon removalof such loads. Further, the surface of such a material can be embossedto have a desired pattern and, after priming, will accept a high qualitypainted finish to resist ultraviolet radiation in sunlight, and bothwater and cleaning products.

Polymer composite shell halves 11 and 12 can each be formed of thispolymer composite using the same matched metal compression mold, aportion of which is shown in FIG. 2. A female die, 20, is shown on thebottom of FIG. 2 engaged by a male die, 21, shown on the top in thatfigure. Before dies 20 and 21 are so engaged, a properly sized sheet ofthe polymer composite feedstock, preheated to a selected temperature inthe range of 80° to 150° F., is placed in the cavity of die 20.

Also placed in that cavity for molding a shell half 12 only (the exampleshown in FIG. 2) is an extruded strip of synthetic rubber, 22,containing ferromagnetic particles available from Pantasote, Inc. ofSeymour, Ind. under the compound designation 527028 which can be orderedin various specified geometrical forms. These ferromagnetic particleshave a typical size of 1.5 to 2.5 μm with a suitable retentivity to bepermanently magnetized. These particle characteristics are important inassuring that they do not absorb too much electromagnetic energy from aselectively provided oscillating inductive magnetic field used in aninduction "welding" process to be described below. These ferromagneticparticles are provided with a net magnetization so that they in strip 22are attracted to and held to a significant extent against, the highquality tool steel used for fabricating die 20 (and die 21).

Both die 20 and die 21 have a textured surface thereon so as to be ableto impart a wood grain texture to the surface of the polymer compositematerial molding results which become shell halves 11 and 12. Rubberstrip magnet 22 is placed in direct contact with the textured surface ofdie 20 if a shell portion 12 is being molded, and is sufficientlyattracted thereto to remain in place during compression molding as thepolymer composite material flows above it and a portion of the polymermaterial therein flows below it.

The thickness of rubber magnet strip 22 is 0.030 in., and it is 0.5 in.in width. These dimension for strip 22 allow the polymer compositematerial to flow above the strip, with a part of the polymer componentthereof flowing below it, thereby encapsulating this strip within shellportion 12 very near the front surface thereof (0.005-0.010 in.) butstill with textured polymer component material being provided in frontthereof assuring such encapsulation. The polymer not only flows aroundthat strip, but also the polymer composite flows past that strip intothe portion of the molding space between dies 20 and 21 providing sideshell portions 16.

This flow occurs even for the low temperatures of 80° F. to 150° F. usedduring molding because of the large compressive force provided betweendies 20 and 21, this force being on the order of 2,000 tons. This largeforce also serves to assure that the surface texture provided for indies 20 and 21 is well formed in the surface of the finished polymercomposite forming shell halves 11 and 12. Rubber magnetic strip 22 has asimilar molding temperature as does the composite polymer so that itgives under compression in the textured regions much as does thecomposite polymer to thereby also result in well formed texturingoccurring in the polymer component material in the region of shell half12 in which strip 22 is provided.

The fit between the overlapping edge portions, 23, of dies 20 and 21 atthe top of the cavity for side shell portions 16 must be very close toprevent flows past these locations during molding. Thus, a rubber basefor magnetic strip 22 is chosen for being encapsulated in shell half 12as it will also help to prevent damage to these dies should that stripinadvertently be erroneously positioned in this location and sopartially squeezed between these two dies. The dies for making shellhalves 11 and 12 are quite large and therefore are quite expensive, andavoiding such damage is, as a result, quite important. The use of arubber base for magnetic strip 22 also avoids excessive wear of thetextured surfaces of die 20 which, if it occurred, would adverselyaffect the textured look of these shell portions in this region in shellhalves 11 and 12 fabricated in the future.

The final result of the molding process leading to the encapsulating ofa rubber magnet strip 22 in a shell half 12 is shown in FIG. 3 which isa fragmentary view taken from the shell half 12 portion shown in FIG. 2after its removal from die 20. As encapsulated, this rubber magnet stripis redesignated 22' in that figure.

Achieving good flow of the polymer composite, including the glass strandfiller, past magnetic strip 22 and up into the space between dies 20 and21 in which side shell portions 15 and 16 are formed for shell halves 11and 12, respectively, is a demanding requirement. That desired result isfurther aided to come about by enlarging the space for such flow at thepoint of transition from a major portion of a shell half to its sideshell portion. Thus, the surface, 24, of male die 21 which is used toform major portions of shell halves 11 and 12 has the surface, 25, ofmold 21 forming the primary part of the side shell portions thereinprovided at an angle of approximately 94° with respect thereto. Becauseof this, the resulting side shell portions in each shell half will bethicker where joined with the major shell portion of that shell half dueto the added space such an angular relationship provides whichadditional space promotes flow of the composite polymer into the moldspace used to form the side shell portions by relaxing conditionsrestricting such flow.

The angle between the surface, 26, in mold 20 for providing the majorshell portion for shell halves 11 and 12, and the primary surface, 27,used for providing the side shell portions therein, is set at about 91°to aid in removing shell halves 11 and 12 from die 20 after completingthe formation thereof. Further provisions to aid in promoting the flowof the composite polymer are the provisions of a radius of 0.60 in. atthe junction of surfaces 26 and 27 in die 20, and a radius of 0.015 in.at the junction of surfaces 24 and 25 in mold 21. The length from amajor shell portion exterior surface to the end of its side shellportion is typically 0.75 in. for a 1.5 in. thick version of door 10,and its side shell portion extends around the entire periphery of themajor shell portion.

The thickened base portions of side shell portions 15 and 16, whereextending from major shell portions 13 and 14 of shell halves 11 and 12,and which resulted from the mold cavity enlargement provided for thepurpose of promoting flow of the composite polymer during molding, havea further consequence. Upon completion of the compression molding ofsuch a shell half, die 21 is disengaged from die 20 and cooling of theshell half 11 or 12 so molded continues, even well after its removalfrom die 20. Because side shell portions 15 and 16 are thinner at theends thereof than they are at the bases thereof, both the differingcooling rates therein and the increased total shrinkage which comes withincreased amounts of material cause these side shell portions to tiltinward up to a few degrees toward the corresponding major shell portion.This slightly inward orientation of side shell portions 15 and 16 isimportant in assuring the success of the induction "welding" process,mentioned above and which will be described below, for joining shellhalves 11 and 12 together without the need for any fixturing whatsoever.

As can be seen in FIG. 2, a pair of positioning ribs, 28 and 29, areprovided extending inward from major shell portions 13 and 14 of shellhalves 11 and 12. Positioning ribs 28 and 29 are spaced apart from oneanother and spaced apart but near side shell portions 15 or 16 of shellhalves 11 or 12, respectively, along the top and bottom of door 10 andboth of its sides. Positioning ribs 28 and 29 are provided parallel tothe corresponding side shell portions and extend nearly to the cornersof door 10.

This is more easily seen in FIG. 4 which represents a partial crosssection view of door 10 taken from FIG. 1 showing the interior of ashell half 11 or 12 at one corner of that door. The extent ofpositioning ribs 28 can be clearly seen. The extent of positioning ribs29 can also be clearly seen since portions of an induction weldingbacking strip, 30, which would cover them in this view have been brokenaway.

Additionally shown in FIG. 4 are backing supports, 31, which are placedbetween positioning ribs 28 and 29 where they are thus carefullypositioned to be in contact with backing strip 30. Four such backingsupports 31 are provided, one at the top and one at the bottom of door10 and one at each side thereof. Whichever shell half interior is shownin FIG. 4, whether an exterior shell half 11 or an interior shell half12, the opposite kind of shell half fits thereover so that itspositioning ribs 28 and 29 also fit about backing supports 31 which thusserve to generally align shell halves 11 and 12 with one another. Noother holding means are forced into backing supports 31 to form any sortof frame, i.e. there are no fasteners extending into supports 31 to formthem into a rectangular frame or to fasten them to shell halves 11 or12.

This arrangement is more easily seen in FIG. 5 which provides a sequenceof figures showing the assembly of shell halves 11 and 12 together toform door 10 including assembling them with backing strips 30 andbacking supports 31 FIG. 5A is an exploded cross sectional view of apart of door 10 from FIGS. 1 and 4 near that edge thereof in which isprovided encapsulated rubber magnet 22'. Backing support 31 is typicallychosen to be a wooden beam made of a hardwood such as maple andtypically formed with a square cross section 1.3 in. on a side for a 1.5in. thick door.

Backing strip 30 is a co-extruded polymer strip having a distribution offerromagnetic particles, 32, in a polypropylene carrier togetherco-extruded with a polypropylene support strip, 33. Ferromagneticparticles 32 in the polypropylene carrier structure, which is fused withsupport strip 33, stands out approximately 0.010 in. from the surface ofsupport strip 33. Support strip 33, shown in FIG. 5A, has its upperportion provided at an angle with respect to its lower portion, thisangle being typically 4°. In addition, a pair of positioning ribs, 34,extend from the left side of support strip 33 in FIG. 5A.

The 4° angle between the upper portion of support strip 33 and the lowerportion thereof would allow it to fit easily against side shell portions15 or 16 if they followed the 4° surface angle set therefor by male die21 of FIG. 2. However, since the thicker material at the point wherethese side shell portions are joined with their corresponding majorshell portions 13 and 14, respectively, leads to the side shell portionshaving been tilted inward, the insertion of backing strip 30 betweenpositioning ribs 29 and side shell portions 15 and 16 causes the top andlower portions of support strip 33 to be bent around the interfacelocation where side shell portions 15 and 16 meet, as is shown in FIG.5B. Thus, positioning ribs 29 in shell halves 11 and 12 press againstthe end portions of support strips 33 forcing their centers, acrosswhich magnetic particles 32 are distributed, against side shell portions15 and 16 where they meet. Each support strip 33 has its top and bottomportions bent forward by positioning ribs 29 around its center portionwhere magnetic particles 32 occur. As a result, this situation causesthe center portion of support strip 33 in each backing strip 30 to becompressed against side shell portions 15 and 16.

In addition, backing support 31 is located a carefully controlleddistance from side shell portions 15 and 16 through its position beingdetermined by positioning ribs 28 and 29. Positioning ribs 34 of supportstrip 33 are just long enough to be pressed against the remainingportions of strip 33 by backing support 31 to further urge its centerportion, and so backing strip 30, against side shell portions 15 and 16.

This arrangement, shown in FIG. 5B, results in having shell halves 11and 12 properly positioned with respect to one another so that theirside shell portions 15 and 16, as tilted inward, are forced outward anequal distance from backing supports 31 to thereby just meet one anotherbecause of this outward force transmitted through backing strip 30 beingdirected against this inward tilt. Since this force balance to achievethis uniform separation between backing supports 31 and side shellportions 15 and 16 occurs around the entire periphery of door 10 at theinterior of its side shell portions, shell halves 11 and 12 become verywell aligned as they are assembled in the structure shown in FIG. 5B.

The initial inward tilt of side shell portions 15 and 16 assures thatall parts thereof tilt inward. Thus, although some parts may not tiltinward as much as others, the results which would otherwise occur wouldbe to have some portions tilt inward and some portions tilt outward inthe absence of adding material at the bases of these side shell portionsto cause such inward tilt. As a further consequence of this backingstrip 30 balance of forces with side shell portions 15 and 16, magneticparticles 32 in the polypropylene carrier on support strip 33 are forcedagainst side shell portions 15 and 16 where they meet, although theamount of force may differ from place to place along this interface.

The assembly in FIG. 5B is then ready for the induction "welding"process for the purpose of fusing side shell portions 15 and 16together. That assembly is loaded between two parallel sets ofsuccessive "above and below" compressive roller pairs, one setpositioned on each of two opposite sides of door 10, and forced betweensuccessive compressive roller pairs in these two sets past an induction"welding" head. The compressive forces provided by these roller pairskeep the ends of side shell portions 15 and 16 against one another bothbefore and after the "welding" takes place, these forces being limitedby the adjacent backing support 31. The remaining two opposite sides ofdoor 10 are thereafter also placed between two parallel sets ofsuccessive compressive roller pairs and forced between successive rollerpairs of these two sets past an inductive "welding" head to therebysubject all of side shell portions 15 and 16 to the "welding" process.

An oscillating inductive field provided by the induction "welding" headof a selected field geometry, intensity and frequency (typically 3 to 8mHz) is generated from this head to transfer electromagnetic energy tomagnetic particles 32 to cause heating in their immediate vicinity.Magnetic particles 32 have a typical particle size of 0.020 in. with asuitable permeability to readily absorb energy from the oscillatingmagnetic field provided by the induction welding head, as opposed to themuch smaller magnetic particles in rubber magnet 22' which absorbrelatively little of that energy. Magnetic particles 32 in thepolypropylene carrier is a combination available from Emabond SystemsDivision of Ashland Chemical Company of Norwood, N.J. under thedesignation Emabond G10-406.

In addition to differing particle sizes, the much higher electromagneticenergy absorption by particles 32 comes about because the "welding" headis positioned much closer to them than it is to rubber magnet 22' andbecause of the differing orientation of the magnetic or inductive fieldthrough each. The field geometry, though the field is oscillating inintensity and direction, always has at magnetic particles 32 a majorcomponent thereof parallel to the major cross section dimension ofsupport strip 33 and the distribution of magnetic particles 32 thereon,but at rubber magnet 22' the major component of the field isperpendicular to the major cross section dimension thereof. A parallelcomponent greatly aids the absorption of field energy. Further, the typeof magnetic particles in rubber magnet 22', being able to be permanentlymagnetized, are less susceptible to the effects of the oscillatingmagnetic field.

These differing energy absorption rates permit setting the rate at whichdoor 10 passes the "welding" head such that regions around magneticparticles 32 heat significantly while little heating occurs aroundrubber magnet 22'. This difference is aided further by the lower rate atwhich the synthetic rubber used in rubber magnet 22' takes up the fieldgenerated heat than does the polypropylene used in carrying magneticparticles 32.

Thus, the rate at which the side shell portions 15 and 16 pass theinduction "welding" head determines the amount of heating which occurstherein for unchanging induction field characteristics. This passagerate is controlled so that a temperature in the range of 400° F. to 420°F. will be generated in the immediate vicinity of those portions ofmagnetic particles 32 subjected to the primary portion of the inductivefield while there is a relatively small temperature increase in rubbermagnet 22'.

Such temperatures around those portions of magnetic particles 32 aresufficient to cause the polypropylene interspersed around those magneticparticles, the polypropylene immediately adjacent thereto in supportstrip 33, and the polypropylene at the ends of side shell portions 15and 16 to melt and fuse together to form a solid fused polypropyleneregion, 35, designated by dashed lines in FIG. 5C. Magnetic particles 32after such fusion are primarily distributed in fused region 35 and willhave somewhat different positioning as a result of some polypropyleneflow thereabout and so have been redesignated 32'. After all of sideshell portions 15 and 16 have passed such an induction welding head,fused region 35 will extend around the entire periphery of door 10. Door10 is kept between the sets of compressive roller pairs used as itpasses an inductive "welding" head for some distance past that head sothat cooling after the heating is sufficiently complete for the correctfusion bond to form before removal of the roller compressive forcesmaintaining the proper relative positions of shell halves 11 and 12. Theresulting fusion bond is sufficient to prevent moisture from passingtherethrough.

This construction, having backing strips 30 with magnetic particles 32initially distributed thereon together positioned inside side shellportions 15 and 16, provides a supply of polypropylene for the fusionbond of side shell portions 15 and 16. Because of the high glass strandcontent of side shell portions 15 and 16, there may well be insufficientpolypropylene present to provide a sufficient bonding for the two endsthereof to bond to one another. Thus, support strips 33 of backing strip30 and the polypropylene in which magnetic particles 32 are initiallyprovided, neither of which have any significant amount of fiberglasscontained therein, provide a ready source of polypropylene for thefusion bond while permitting side shell portions 15 and 16 to have ahigh glass strand content to thereby maintain their structuralstrengths. Of course, the fusion of support strip 33 in the fusion bondalong with side shell portions 15 and 16 provides an added bond strengthat the joint interface of these two side shell portions by being bondedthereacross.

Since the heating of side shell portions 15 and 16 and support strip 33of backing strip 30 is quite localized near magnetic particles 32, andsince these particles are initially positioned on the interior of sideshell portions 15 and 16, relatively little heat reaches the outersurface of side shell portions 15 and 16. This permits shell portions 11and 12 to have the outer surfaces thereof primed and painted before the"welding" together of these portions occurs. The heat that is generatedin the "welding" process is generated far enough from the paintedsurface in these circumstances so that the temperatures there do notrise so far as to damage the paint or the bond between the paint andthese surfaces.

Upon completion of the joining of shell halves 11 and 12 by the fusionbond in region 35, the interior space resulting from joining these twohalves together, the portion thereof not taken up by backing supports 31and backing strips 30, can be filled with a rigid, expanded polymerfoam. This can be accomplished by providing an access hole through thebonded structure, such as at the bottom side shell portions, andinserting a nozzle from which the foam constituents are supplied andfoaming-in-place occurs to fill that remaining interior space. Theaccess opening provided for such foaming may thereafter be left open ora sealing material may be placed therein. The resulting foam fills thisinterior space to increase the rigidity of the door and to further bondthe components thereof to one another. The interior of shell halves 11and 12 may be primed to aid in this bonding. Polyurethane foam has beenfound suitable for these purposes.

The result of these construction steps is an extremely rigid door panelcapable of excluding moisture from its interior to thereby avoidinterior deterioration. Excellent paints can be used in the pre-paintingof the door, as noted above, and so exterior weather damage can also beavoided. The toughness of the polymer composite gives it an excellentcapability to withstand mechanical abuse, and to also hold screws forhinges and other door hardware.

The foaming process described above is sufficient if door 10 has nowindow opening provided therein. However, a window, 40, is shown in FIG.1 where it is held in place in the opening through the use of a windowframe, 41. To provide such a window, window frame 41 must be installedin the opening provided in shell halves and 12 opposite one another tomore or less seal the interior space between those remaining portions ofshell halves 11 and 12. The result is seen in the cross section view ofFIG. 6 where window frame 41, a version suitable for multiple glasspanes, is shown with the edges of major portions 13 and 14 of shellhalves 11 and 12 positioned in slots on the right-hand thereof. Majorportion 13 of shell half 11 has a decorative raised portion, 42,surrounding the window opening. As shell half 12 is made in the samemold as shell half 11, such a decorative strip is initially present inshell half 12. However, this decorative strip is trimmed off of shellhalf 12 before the "welding" process. As a result, shell half 12 andmajor portion 14 thereof have been redesignated 12' and 14' in FIG. 6,although not in FIG. 1.

Once window frame 41 is in place to thereby close off the interior spacebetween shell halves 11 and 12', the foaming operation proceeds asdescribed above (some fixturing with respect to holding this frame inplace during molding may be required). The resulting foam, 43, fillsthis interior space to increase the rigidity of the door and to furtherbond the components thereof to one another. The interior of shell halves11 and 12' may be primed to aid in this bonding. Polyurethane foam hasbeen found suitable for these purposes.

Although the present invention has been described with reference topreferred embodiments, workers skilled in the art will recognize thatchanges may be made in form and detail without departing from the spiritand scope of the invention.

What is claimed is:
 1. A structure for an access limiting means foropenings in structural walls, said structure comprising:first and secondshell means each formed of a selected polymer and each having a majorshell portion with at least said first shell means also having sideshell portions extending from, and located peripherally about, saidmajor shell portion thereof in an angular relationship therewith, saidfirst shell means side shell portions adjoining said second shell means;a backing means formed of a selected polymer positioned adjacent saidfirst shell means side shell portions where they adjoin said secondshell means; and a first distribution of a first type of magneticparticles positioned substantially between said backing means and bothsaid second shell means and said side shell portions of said first shellmeans where they adjoin said second shell means.
 2. The apparatus ofclaim 1 wherein said second shell means also has side shell portionsextending from, and located peripherally about, said major shell portionthereof in an angular relationship therewith, said first shell meansside shell portions adjoining said second shell means, as aforesaid, atsaid second shell means side shell portions.
 3. The apparatus of claim 1wherein said backing means is fused with said first shell means sideshell portions where adjacent to one another to form a substantiallycontinuous polymer fused portion connecting them together, said firstdistribution occurring substantially within said fused portion.
 4. Theapparatus of claim 1 wherein said backing means is forced against saidfirst shell means side shell portions.
 5. The apparatus of claim whereina second distribution of a second kind of magnetic particles issubstantially positioned near a surface of said major shell portion of aselected one of said first and second shell means.
 6. The apparatus ofclaim 1 wherein said major shell portions of said first and second shellmeans each have an insert opening provided therein opposite one another,said insert openings having an insert structure placed therein extendingbetween said first and second shell means major shell portions adjacentat least an edge of each of said insert openings.
 7. The apparatus ofclaim 2 wherein said first and second shell means side shell portionsextend peripherally about substantially all of that said major shellportion from which they extend so that an interior space occurringbetween said first and second shell means major shell portions issubstantially surrounded by said first and second shell means side shellportions together.
 8. The apparatus of claim 3 wherein said second shellmeans also has side shell portions extending from, and locatedperipherally about, said major shell portion thereof in an angularrelationship therewith, said first shell means side shell portionsadjoining said second shell portions, as aforesaid, at said second shellmeans side shell portions.
 9. The apparatus of claim 3 wherein saidbacking means and said first shell means side shell portions are alsofused with said second shell means where said first shell means sideshell portions adjoin said second shell means so that said fused portionis formed as a substantially continuous polymer portion connecting allof them together.
 10. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein a first alignmentprojection extends from a surface of a said major shell portion of atleast one of said first and second shell means toward that oneremaining, and said backing means being positioned at least in partbetween said first alignment projection and said first shell means sideshell portions.
 11. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein said first shellmeans side shell portions are substantially thicker in parts thereofnear where they extend from said first shell means major shell portionthan they are in parts thereof near where they adjoin said second shellmeans.
 12. The apparatus of claim 5 wherein an average of a measure ofsize of said first kind of magnetic particles differs from an average ofsaid measure of size of said second kind of magnetic particles to anextent sufficient that electromagnetic energy of selectedcharacteristics applied concurrently to both of said first and seconddistributions will be absorbed by said first distribution of said firstkind of magnetic particles to a much greater extent than it is absorbedin said second distribution of said second kind of magnetic particles.13. The apparatus of claim 6 wherein said insert structure is adjacentall of said edges of each of said insert openings.
 14. The apparatus ofclaim 7 wherein said major shell portions of said first and second shellmeans each have an insert opening provided therein opposite one anotherwith that space between said insert openings being excluded from saidinterior space, said insert openings having an insert structure placedtherein extending between said first and second shell means major shellportions adjacent at least an edge of each of said insert openings. 15.The apparatus of claim 7 wherein said interior space is substantiallyfilled with an expanded polymer foam.
 16. The apparatus of claim 7wherein said interior space has a plurality of elongated members thereineach free of any fastening means extending thereinto.
 17. The apparatusof claim 8 wherein said first and second shell means side shell portionsextend peripherally about substantially all of that said major shellportion from which they extend so that an interior space occurringbetween said first and second shell means major shell portions issubstantially surrounded by said first and second shell means side shellportions together.
 18. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein said secondshell means also has side shell portions extending from, and locatedperipherally about, its said major shell portion in an angularrelationship therewith, said first shell means side shell portionsadjoining said second shell portions, as aforesaid, at said second shellmeans side shell portions.
 19. The apparatus of claim 10 wherein saidfirst alignment projection extends from a surface of said first shellmeans major shell portion, and a second alignment projection extendsfrom a surface of said second shell means second major shell portiontoward said first shell means, said backing means being positioned atleast in part between said first shell means side shell portions andsaid first and second alignment projections.
 20. The apparatus of claim12 wherein said second distribution of said second kind of magneticparticles is provided substantially in a polymer elongated stripintegrally within said surface of said major shell portion of saidselected one of said first and second shell means.
 21. The apparatus ofclaim 13 wherein said insert structure contains at least one sheet ofvisible light transparent material within it.
 22. The apparatus of claim14 wherein said insert structure is adjacent all of said edges of eachof said insert openings.
 23. The apparatus of claim 16 wherein saidinterior space is substantially filled with an expanded polymer foamexcluding that portion taken by said elongated members.
 24. Theapparatus of claim 17 wherein said major shell portions of said firstand second shell means each have an insert opening provided thereinopposite one another with that space between said insert openings beingexcluded from said interior space, said insert openings having an insertstructure placed therein extending between said first and second shellmeans major shell portions adjacent at least an edge of each of saidinsert openings.
 25. The apparatus of claim 17 wherein said interiorspace is substantially filled with an expanded polymer foam.
 26. Theapparatus of claim 17 wherein said interior space has a plurality ofelongated members therein each free of any fastening means extendingthereinto.
 27. The apparatus of claim 18 wherein said first and secondshell means side shell portions extend peripherally about substantiallyall of that said major shell portion from which they extend so that aninterior space occurring between said first and second shell means majorshell portions is substantially surrounded by said first and secondshell means side shell portions together.
 28. The apparatus of claim 19wherein a third alignment projection extends from a surface of saidfirst shell means major shell portion spaced apart from said firstalignment projection, and wherein a fourth alignment projection extendsfrom a surface of said second shell means major shell portion spacedapart from said second alignment projection, there being an elongatedmember positioned substantially between said first and third alignmentprojections and between said second and fourth alignment projections.29. The apparatus of claim 22 wherein said interior space issubstantially filled with an expanded polymer foam.
 30. The apparatus ofclaim 22 wherein said interior space has a plurality of elongatedmembers therein each free of any fastening means extending thereinto.31. The apparatus of claim 24 wherein said insert structure is adjacentall of said edges of each of said insert openings.
 32. The apparatus ofclaim 28 wherein a portion of said backing means is positioned betweensaid first and second alignment projections substantially in contactwith said elongated member.
 33. The apparatus of claim 30 wherein saidinterior space is substantially filled with an expanded polymer foam.34. The apparatus of claim 31 wherein said interior space issubstantially filled with an expanded polymer foam.
 35. The apparatus ofclaim 31 wherein said interior space has a plurality of elongatedmembers therein each free of any fastening means extending thereinto.36. The apparatus of claim 35 wherein said interior space issubstantially filled with an expanded polymer foam.
 37. A door having anexterior substantially of polymeric material useable with magneticweather stripping, said door comprising:first and second shell meanseach formed of a selected polymer and each having a major shell portionwith at least said first shell means also having side shell portionsextending from, and located peripherally about, said major shell portionthereof in an angular relationship therewith, said first shell meansside shell portions adjoining said second shell means; a firstdistribution of a first type of magnetic particles positionedsubstantially where said side shell portions of said first shell meansadjoin said second shell means as aforesaid; and a second distributionof a second kind of magnetic particles substantially positioned near asurface of said major shell portion of a selected one of said first andsecond shell means with at least an average value of one parameterdescribing said magnetic particles of said second kind differing fromthat average value similarly found for that same parameter describingsaid magnetic particles of said first kind.
 38. The apparatus of claim37 wherein said parameter is spatial location with respect to at leastone selected datum position.
 39. The apparatus of claim 37 wherein saidparameter is a measure of magnetic particle size.
 40. The apparatus ofclaim 38 wherein said second shell means is fused with said first shellmeans side shell portions where adjoined to one another to form asubstantially continuous polymer fused portion connecting them together,said first distribution occurring substantially within said fusedportion.
 41. The apparatus of claim 39 wherein an average value of ameasure of size of said first kind of magnetic particles differs from anaverage value of said measure of size of said second kind of magneticparticles to an extent sufficient that electromagnetic energy ofselected characteristics applied concurrently to both of said first andsecond distributions will be absorbed by said first distribution of saidfirst kind of magnetic particles to a much greater extent than it isabsorbed in said second distribution of said second kind of magneticparticles.
 42. The apparatus of claim 40 wherein second distribution isprovided in said first shell means major shell portion adjacent tolocations therein from which said side shell portions thereof extend.43. The apparatus of claim 42 wherein said second shell means also hasside shell portions extending from, and located peripherally about, saidmajor shell portion thereof in an angular relationship therewith, saidfirst shell means side shell portions adjoining said second shellportions, as aforesaid, at said second shell means side shell portions.44. The apparatus of claim 43 wherein said first and second shell meansside shell portions extend peripherally about substantially all of thatsaid major shell portion from which they extend.
 45. An access limitingmeans for selectively establishing those fractions of openings instructural walls which can serve as passageways, said access limitingmeans comprising:first and second shell means each formed of a selectedpolymer and each having a major shell portion with at least said firstshell means also having side shell portions extending from, and locatedperipherally about substantially all of, its said major shell portionthereof in an angular relationship therewith, said second shell meansbeing fused with said first shell means side shell portions to form asubstantially continuous polymer fused portion connecting them together;and a first distribution of a first type of magnetic particles with saidfirst distribution occurring substantially within said fused portion.46. The apparatus of claim 45 wherein said second shell means also hasside shell portions extending from, and located peripherally about, saidmajor shell portion thereof in an angular relationship therewith, saidfirst shell means side shell portions being fused with said second shellmeans at said second shell means side shell portions.
 47. The apparatusof claim 45 wherein said major shell portions of said first and secondshell means each have an insert opening provided therein opposite oneanother, said insert openings having an insert structure placed thereinextending between said first and second shell means major shell portionsadjacent at least an edge of each of said insert openings.
 48. An accesslimiting means for selectively establishing those fractions of openingsin structural walls which can serve as passageways, said access limitingmeans comprising:first and second shell means each formed of a selectedpolymer and each having a major shell portion with at least said firstshell means also having side shell portions extending from, and locatedperipherally about substantially all of, said major shell portionthereof in an angular relationship therewith, said second shell meansbeing fused with said first shell means side shell portions to form asubstantially continuous polymer fused portion connecting them togetherso that at least a part of that interior space occurring between saidfirst and second shell means major shell portions is substantiallysurrounded by said first shell means side shell portions; a plurality ofelongated members in said interior space each free of any fastening ofone directly to another; and an expanded polymer foam substantiallyfilling said interior space excluding that portion thereof taken by saidelongated members.
 49. The apparatus of claim 48 wherein said secondshell means also has side shell portions extending from, and locatedperipherally about, said major shell portion thereof in an angularrelationship therewith, said first shell means side shell portions beingfused with said second shell means at said second shell means side shellportions.
 50. The apparatus of claim 48 wherein said major shellportions of said first and second shell means each have an insertopening provided therein opposite one another, said insert openingshaving an insert structure placed therein extending between said firstand second shell means major shell portions adjacent at least an edge ofeach of said insert openings.